The key predictor of antisocial behavior and violent crime (as opposed to nonviolent crime) is poor emotion regulation in early childhood

Research has confirmed that there are reliable predictors of antisocial behavior in boys as early as the age of two or three. The research suggests that violence prevention programs should prioritize the development of self-regulation skills in boys living in urban poverty. Some programs have already been successful in this regard. The High-Scope Perry Preschool Study reduced early violent antisocial behavior by targeting self- regulation skills in early childhood.

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https://www.childandfamilyblog.com/early-childhood-development/antisocial-behavior-violence-men/

https://globalhealthnewswire.com/mental/2020/01/06/a-new-link-between-fear-imitation-and-antisocial-behavior-in-children

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/imhj.21754

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/imhj.21761